Salerno is situated in the middle of two coasts, the Amalfi and Cilento coasts. In 194 b.C. it was a Roman colony and was named Salernum.The city made progress and also enriched its culture and its traditions during the occupation of Goths, Byzantines, Longobards and Normans.The Goths were defeated by the Greeks whose domination lastes 15 years (from 53 to 568), up to
Longobards invaded almost the whole peninsula.In 786 Arechi II, a Longobard prince, transferred the seat of the Dukedom of Benevento to Salerno, in order to elude Charlemagne's offensive and to secure himself the control of a strategic area, the centre of coastal and internal communications in Campania. With Arechi II, Salerno knew great splendour becoming a centre of studies with its famous Medical School. The Longobard prince ordered the city to be fortified; the Castle on the Bonadies mountain had alredy been built with walls and towers so from 839 the new capital was seat of a principality and powerful political centre.On December 13th 1076 the Norman conqueror Roberto il Guiscardo captures Salerno putting an end to the many-centuried Longobard domain.In this period the royal palace (Castel Terracena) and the magnificent Cathedral were built and science was boosted as the Salerno Medical School, considered the most ancient medical institution of European West, reached its maximum splendour.With the accession to the throne of Swabians, at the end of the 12th century, there 
was a period of economic revival in the city.By following the advice of Giovanni da Procida, a famous citizen of that time, Manfredi, Federico II's son, ordered a dock that still now has his name, to be built.From the 14th century onwards, most of the Salerno province became the territory of the Princes of Sanseverino, powerful feudatories, who acted as real owners of the Region. They accumulated an enormus political and administrative power and attracted artists and men of letters inside their own royal palace. In the 15th century the city was the scene of battles between Angevin and Aragonese heirs with whom the local princes took sides alternatively.In the first decades of the 16th century the last descendant of the Sanseverino princes was in conflict with the English Government, causing the ruin of the whole family and the beginning of a long period of decadence for the city.The years 1656, 1688 and 1694 represent sorrowful dates for Salerno: the plague and the earthquake which caused many victims.A slow renewal of the city occurred in the 18th century with the end of the English empire and the construction of many refined houses and churches characterising the main streets of the historical centre.In 1799 Salerno joined the Parthenopean Republic. During the 
Napoleonic period Giuseppe Bonaparte and then Gioacchino Murat ascended the throne. The latter issued the decree of soppression of the Salerno Medical School, that had been declining for decades to the level of a theoretical School.In the same period even the religious Orders were suppressed and numerous ecclesiastical properties were confiscated.The city expanded beyond the ancient walls and sea connections were potentiated as they represented an important road network that crossed the town connecting the eastern plain with the area leading to Vietri and 
Naples.After the Unity of Italy a slow urban development continued, many suburban areas were enlarged and large public and private buildings were created. The city went on developing till the Second World War. In September 1943, Salerno was the scene of the landing of the allies and from February 12th to July 17th 1944 it gave hospitality to the Government of Badoglio.The post-war period was difficult for all the Italian cities, managed to Improve Salerno But little by little and to aim at Becoming a modern European city. In recent years the town administration has taken great strides in giving great impulse to the revaluation of the whole urban territory.The Rewal of the historical center Has Been Directed Towards the rediscovery of the artistic and cultural treasures of an Exceptional land. History of Salerno
The first documented settlement in the territory of Salerno, dates from the sixth century BC, it is a center-Osco Etruscan Irno which stood on the river not far from the coast as a strategic point for lines of communication at the time. In the fifth century BC, with the retreat of the Etruscans from Italy
south, the settlement was occupied by the Samnites.
was founded in 197 BC the Roman colony on the coast of Salernum. The city expanded during the reign of Diocletian, and became the administrative center. Bruzio and province of Lucania. In 646 Salerno
fell and became part of the Lombard Duchy of Benevento. In 774 Prince Arechi II transferred the court and in 839 the principality of Salerno, Benevento became independent from the acquisition of the territories of the Principality of Capua, Calabria and Puglia up to Taranto.
The reality of the city was characterized by a multicultural environment, the principle was in fact a buffer state between the papacy and the empire, on the one hand, and the East Byzantine and Islamic worlds on the other. This policy framework, however, also contributed to some instability.
From a commercial standpoint, even for very close and powerful means of Amalfi, the town was connected to the most remote coasts of the Mediterranean.
In this context, emerged around the ninth century, the School of Medicine, which according to tradition founded by four teachers: an Arab, a jew, a Latin and greek. The school was the first institution for the teaching of medicine in the Western world and enjoys enormous prestige throughout the Middle Ages. The city was a must for those who want to learn the art of medicine or seek treatment from his famous doctors. This reputation earned him the title of Salerno Hippocratica civitas, under which the city still boasts in his arms.
Between the tenth and the twelfth century the city experienced the most prosperous period in its history, affluence Salernum was the phrase coined coins testify to the splendor.
In 1076 Robert Guiscard conquered Salerno became the capital of domains or of the Norman duchy of Puglia and Calabria (the title previously belonged to Melfi), which included all of southern Italy. In this period the cathedral was built in Arab-Norman style.
In 1127 the capital of the kingdom went to Palermo, but Salerno was one of the most important cities of the Kingdom of Sicily. With the advent of the Swabians, and as a result of the Anjou and Aragonese the city began to lose importance due to the growing importance of the near Naples.
The first documented settlement in the territory of Salerno, dates from the sixth century BC, it is a center-Osco Etruscan Irno which stood on the river not far from the coast as a strategic point for lines of communication at the time. In the fifth century BC, with the retreat of the Etruscans from Italy
south, the settlement was occupied by the Samnites. was founded in 197 BC the Roman colony on the coast of Salernum. The city expanded during the reign of Diocletian, and became the administrative center. Bruzio and province of Lucania. In 646 Salerno
fell and became part of the Lombard Duchy of Benevento. In 774 Prince Arechi II transferred the court and in 839 the principality of Salerno, Benevento became independent from the acquisition of the territories of the Principality of Capua, Calabria and Puglia up to Taranto.
The reality of the city was characterized by a multicultural environment, the principle was in fact a buffer state between the papacy and the empire, on the one hand, and the East Byzantine and Islamic worlds on the other. This policy framework, however, also contributed to some instability.
From a commercial standpoint, even for very close and powerful means of Amalfi, the town was connected to the most remote coasts of the Mediterranean.
In this context, emerged around the ninth century, the School of Medicine, which according to tradition founded by four teachers: an Arab, a jew, a Latin and greek. The school was the first institution for the teaching of medicine in the Western world and enjoys enormous prestige throughout the Middle Ages. The city was a must for those who want to learn the art of medicine or seek treatment from his famous doctors. This reputation earned him the title of Salerno Hippocratica civitas, under which the city still boasts in his arms.
Between the tenth and the twelfth century the city experienced the most prosperous period in its history, affluence Salernum was the phrase coined coins testify to the splendor. In 1076 Robert Guiscard conquered Salerno became the capital of domains or of the Norman duchy of Puglia and Calabria (the title previously belonged to Melfi), which included all of southern Italy. In this period the cathedral was built in Arab-Norman style.
In 1127 the capital of the kingdom went to Palermo, but Salerno was one of the most important cities of the Kingdom of Sicily. With the advent of the Swabians, and as a result of the Anjou and Aragonese the city began to lose importance due to the growing importance of the near Naples.
Contemporary History
In September 1943, during World War II, the city was the scene of the so-called 
Salerno landing or operation Avalanche: With this operation the allies from accessing the Tyrrhenian coast of the Italian peninsula and opened the way to advance towards Rome. In the period following the landing the city hosted the first post-fascist governments of Italy and the royal family, becoming de facto capital of Italy until the liberation of Rome (mid-August 1944).
Salerno landing or operation Avalanche: With this operation the allies from accessing the Tyrrhenian coast of the Italian peninsula and opened the way to advance towards Rome. In the period following the landing the city hosted the first post-fascist governments of Italy and the royal family, becoming de facto capital of Italy until the liberation of Rome (mid-August 1944). history of Salerno
Salerno (in the ancient Salernum (Latin) is a port city on the Gulf of Salerno, southern Italy, capital of the province of Salerno, in Campania. The population is 140,580 (as of 31 December 2007).
Salerno is the Archbishop's seat and since 1970 University City. In the Middle Ages the city for its medical school famous. Outstanding buildings are the Castello di Arechi derived in part from Norman times, and the cathedral with its mighty tower . Here is the tomb of Saint Gregory VII, and probably also the Evangelist Matthew.
Salerno was originally a Greek settlement in the 2nd Century BC Roman colony. In the 9th
Century AD it was capital of an independent Lombard principality of Salerno, which originated from the Duchy of Benevento.
1077 conquered the Normans the city. Under the rule of the Norman Duke Robert Guiscard she experienced an economic boom. A scientific boom brought the medieval school of Salerno .
succeeded in World War II the Allies in 1943 south of the Salerno landings in Italy. Which the withdrawal of Italy went out of the fascist alliance (the Axis or the Anti-Comintern Pact) in July and the armistice on 8 September advance. The main industrial products of the city are machinery, food and textiles.
Salerno (in the ancient Salernum (Latin) is a port city on the Gulf of Salerno, southern Italy, capital of the province of Salerno, in Campania. The population is 140,580 (as of 31 December 2007).
Salerno is the Archbishop's seat and since 1970 University City. In the Middle Ages the city for its medical school famous. Outstanding buildings are the Castello di Arechi derived in part from Norman times, and the cathedral with its mighty tower . Here is the tomb of Saint Gregory VII, and probably also the Evangelist Matthew.
Salerno was originally a Greek settlement in the 2nd Century BC Roman colony. In the 9th Century AD it was capital of an independent Lombard principality of Salerno, which originated from the Duchy of Benevento.
1077 conquered the Normans the city. Under the rule of the Norman Duke Robert Guiscard she experienced an economic boom. A scientific boom brought the medieval school of Salerno .
succeeded in World War II the Allies in 1943 south of the Salerno landings in Italy. Which the withdrawal of Italy went out of the fascist alliance (the Axis or the Anti-Comintern Pact) in July and the armistice on 8 September advance. The main industrial products of the city are machinery, food and textiles.
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